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Duus神经系统疾病定位诊断学
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7边缘系统(Limbic System)

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2022-01-24 17:52:23
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  • Table of Contents
    • 版权信息
    • 第1版前言
    • 第8版前言
    • 序一
    • 序二
    • 序三
    • 本文版译前言
  • 1神经系统的基本要素 (Grand Elements of Nervous System)
    • 1.1神经系统的信息传递原理 (Principle of Information Transport in Nervous System)
    • 1. 2神经细胞和突触(Neuron and Synapse)
      • 突触(Synapse)
        • 化学突触和电突触(Chemical and Electric Synapse)
    • 1.3神经递质和神经递质受体(Neurotransmitter and Neurotransmitter Receptor)
    • 1. 4神经元连接(Neuronal Junctions)
    • 1.5神经胶质细胞(Gliocyte)
    • 1.6中枢神经系统的发育(Development of Central Nervous System)
  • 2感觉系统(Sensory System)
    • 2.1感觉系统的周围部分和周围性反馈环路感受器(Peripheral Parts of Sensory System and Its Feed­back Circuit Receptors
      • 皮肢感受器(Receptors of Skin)
      • 特殊感受器(Specific Receptors)
      • 周围神经、脊神经丛和脊神经后根(Peripheral Nerve,Spinal Ganglion and Posterior Root of Spinal Nerve)
        • 周围神经(Peripheral Nerves)
        • 神经丛和脊神经后根(Nervous Plexus and Posterior Root of Spinal Nerve)
        • 神经根与周围神经支配(Nerve Roots and Peripheral Nerve Innervation)
      • 游离神经末梢(Free Nerve Endings)
      • 外周调节环路(Peripheral Regulator Circuit)
        • 单和多突触反射(Multisynaptic and Monosynaptic Reflex)
        • 多突触屈曲反射(Multisynaptic Flexion Reflex)
        • 肌牵张和肌张力感受器的调节(Regulation of Muscle Stretcting and Muscle Tension Receptors)
      • 体内深层感受器(Receptors in Deep Layer)
      • 其他感受器(Other Receptors)
    • 2.2感觉系统的中枢部分(Central Partion of Sensory System)
      • 脊髓小脑后束和前束(Anterior and Posterior Spinocerebellar Tracts)
        • 脊髓小脑后束(Posterior Spinocerebellar Tract)
        • 脊髓小脑前束(Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract)
      • 后索(Posterior Funiculus)
        • 后索损伤综合征(Sydrome of Posterior Funicular Lesion)
      • 脊髓丘脑前束(Anterior Spinothalamic Tract)
        • 脊髓丘脑前束病变
      • 脊髓丘脑侧束(Lateral Spinothalamic Tract)
        • 脊隨丘脑侧束病变
      • 其他传入性脊髓束(Other Afferent Tracts of Spinal Cord)
    • 2.3感觉刺激的中枢处理(Central Processing of Sensory Stimulation)
    • 2.4感觉传导路中断的感觉缺失(Anesthesia of Interrupted Sensory Pathway)
  • 3运动系统(Motor System)
    • 3.1运动系统的中枢部分及其病变的临床综合征(Central Part of Motor System and its Syndrome of Lesion)
      • 运动皮质区(Motor Cortex)
      • 皮质脊髓束(锥体束)Corticospinal Tract (Pyramidal Tract)
      • 皮质核束(皮质延髓束)(Corticonuclear Tract or Corticobulbar Tract)
      • 运动系统的其他中枢部分(Other Central Part of Motor Cortex)
      • 中枢性运动传导通路的损害(Damage to Motor Pathway of Central Nervous System)
        • 中枢性运动系统病变的定位分类(Topical Classification of Lesions in Central Nervous System)
    • 3.2运动系统的周围部分及其病变时的临床综合征(Syndromes of Lesions in Peripheral Parts of Motor System)
      • 运动单位病变时的临床综合征(Clinical Syndrome of Lesions in Motor Unit)
    • 3.3神经系统各节段损害的复杂临床综合征(Complex Clinical Syndrome of Segmental Lesion of Nervous System)
      • 脊髓病变综合征(Syndromes of Spinal Cord)
      • 脊髓传导通路和核团及周围神经病变综合征(Syndromes of Spinal Pathway,Nuclear Mass and Peripheral Nerve Disease
        • 后根综合征(Syndrome of the Posterior Roots)(图3.9)
        • 后索综合征(Syndrome of Posterior Funiculus)(图3.10)
        • 后角综合征(Syndrome of Posterior Horn)(图 3. 11)
        • 灰质综合征(Syndrome of Gray Matter)(图3.12)
        • 后索和皮质脊髓束联合病变综合征(索性脊髓病)(Syndrome of Combine Posterior Funiculum and Corticospinal Tracts or Funicuar Myelopathy)(图3.13
        • 前角综合征(Syndrome of Anterior Horns)(图 3. 14)
        • 前角和锥体侧索联合病变综合征(Syndrome of Combined Anterior Horn and Lateral Pyramidal Tract Lesion)(图3.15
        • 皮质脊髓束综合征(Syndrome of Corticospinal Tract)(图3.16)
        • 后索、脊髓小脑束联合病变综合征并可能累及锥体束(Syndrome of Combined Disease of Posterior Funiculus,Spinocere¬bellar Pathway and Possibly Pyramidal Tract)(图3.17
        • 脊髓半横切综合征(Syndrome of Hemisection of Spinal Cord)(Brown-Séquard综合征)(图3.18)
        • 脊髓全横断综合征(Syndrome of Complete Transsection of Spinal Cord)
        • 特殊横断综合征(Syndrome of Specific Transsections)
      • 脊髓血管病变综合征(Syndrome of Vascular Spinal Cord Lesions)
      • 脊髓肿瘤(Tumors of Spinal Cord)
      • 神经根综合征(根性综合征)(Syndrome of Nerve Root)
        • 脊神经根病变综合征(Syndrome of Spinal Nerve Root Damage)
        • 骨软骨病和椎间盘变性导致的脊神经根综合征(Syndrome of Radicular Spinal Nerve caused by Degenerative Intervertebral Disk and Osteochondrosis
        • 变性病变导致的颈神经根损伤(Cervical Nerve Root Damage Caused by Degenerative Disease)
        • 变性病变导致的腰神经根损伤(Lambar Nerve Root Damage caused by Degenerative Disease)
      • 神经丛损伤临床综合征(Syndrome of Damage to Nerve Plexus)
        • 颈丛损伤(Damage to Cervical Plexus)
        • 臂丛损伤(Damage to Brachial Plexus)
        • 臂丛损伤的病因
        • 腰骶丛损伤(Damage to Lumbosacral Plexus)
      • 周围神经损伤综合征(Syndrome of Peripheral Nerve Damage)
        • 腕管综合征(Carpal Tunnel Syndoome)
        • 尺神经损伤综合征(Syndrome of Ulnar Nerve Damage)
      • 神经肌肉接点与肌肉疾病
        • 重症肌无力(Amyosthenia)
        • 肌病(Myopathies)
  • 4脑干(Brainstem)
    • 脑干的外部结构(Extei^nal Structure of Brainstem)
      • 延髓(Medulla Oblongata)
      • 桥脑(Pons)
      • 中脑(Midbrain)
    • 4.2颅神经(Cranial Nerves)
      • 嗅觉系统(Ⅰ颅神经)(Olfactory System)
      • 视觉系统(Ⅱ颅神经)(Optic System)
        • 视觉通路病变(Lesions of Visual Pathway)
      • 眼球运动(Oculomotion)(Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅵ颅神经)
        • 动眼神经(Ⅲ颅神经)(Oculomotor Nerve)
        • 滑车神经(Ⅳ颅神经)(Trochlear Nerve)
        • 外展神经(Ⅵ颅神经)(Abducens Nerve)
        • 眼肌瘫(Paralysis of Eye Muscles)
        • 动眼神经瘫(Paralysis of Oculomotor Nerve)
        • 滑车神经瘫:(Paralysis of Trochlear Nerve)
        • 外展神经瘫(Paralysis of Abducens Nerve)
        • 水平方向或垂直方向的注视运动(Horizontal or Veritical Fixation Movement)
        • 反射性眼球同向注视运动(Reflectory Conjugate Fixation Movement)
        • 集合和调节(Convergence and Accommodation)
        • 瞳孔直径和光反射的调节(Pupil Diameter and Regulation of Light Reflex)
        • 眼的交感和副交感神经支配(Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Innervation of Eye)
        • 保护性瞬目反射(Protective Blink Reflex)
      • 三叉神经(Ⅴ颅神经)(Trigeminal Nerve)
        • 三叉神经病变(Lesions of Trigeminal Nerve)
      • 面神经(Ⅶ神经)和中间神经(Facial and Intermediate Nerves)
        • 面神经运动支(Motor Fibers of Facial Nerve)
        • 中间神经(Intermediate Nerve)
      • 前庭蜗神经(Ⅷ颅神经)及耳蜗和听觉器官(Vestibulo-cochlear NerveCochlea and Auditory Organ)
        • 听觉障碍(Impairments of Hearing)
      • 前庭蜗神经(Ⅷ颅神经)及前庭部分和前庭系统(Vestibular and Cochlear Nerves, Vestibular Component and Vestibular System
        • 迷路(Labyrinth)
        • 前庭蜗神经(Vestibular and Cochlear Nerve)
        • 前庭功能障碍(Disturbance of Vestibular Function)
        • 前庭神经疾病(Lesions of Vestibular Nerve)
        • 听神经瘤(Acoustic Neurinoma)
      • 迷走系统(Vagal System)(Ⅸ、Ⅹ颅神经和Ⅺ颅神经的颅内部分)
        • 迷走神经(Vagus Nerve)(Ⅹ颅神经)
        • Ⅸ和Ⅹ颅神经的共核及支配区
        • Ⅸ和Ⅹ颅神经的副交感核团(Parasympathetic nucleus of Ⅸ and Ⅹ)
        • Ⅸ和Ⅹ颅神经的内脏传入纤维(Visceral Afferent Fibers of Ⅸ and Ⅹ)
        • Ⅸ和Ⅹ颅神经的躯体传入纤维(Somatic Afferent Fibers of Ⅸ and Ⅹ)
      • 副神经(Accessory Nerve)(Ⅺ颅神经)
        • 副神经脊髓根(Spinal Root of Accessory Nerve(Ⅺ)颅神经)
        • 副神经脊髓根损害(Impairmeut of spinal root of accessory nerve)
      • 舌下神经(Hypoglossal Nerve)( Ⅻ颅神经)
    • 4.3脑干局部解剖(Topical Anatomy of Brainstem)
      • 脑干的内部结构(Internal Structures of Brainstem)
        • 延髓(Medulla Oblongata)
        • 桥脑(Pons)
        • 中脑(Mesencephalon or Midbrain)
    • 4.4脑干病变(Lesions of Brainstem)
      • 锁骨下动脉窃血综合征(Subclavian Steal Syndrome)
      • 特殊的脑干血管病变综合征(Syndromes of Special Brainstem Vascular Lesions)
  • 5小脑(Cerebellum)
    • 5.1外部结构(External Architecture)
    • 5.2内部结构(Internal Achitecture)
      • 小脑皮质(Cerebellar Cortex)
        • 小脑皮质的传入纤维(Afferent Fiber of Cerebellum)
      • 小脑神经核(Cerebellar Nuclei)
      • 小脑皮质和小脑神经核团的联系(Connection Between Cerebellar Certex and Cerebellar Nuclei)
    • 5.3小脑与神经系统其他部分的联系(Connection Between Cerebellum and Other Parts of Nervous System)
      • 小脑下脚(Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle)
      • 小脑中脚(Middle Cerebellar Peduncle)
      • 小脑上脚(Superior Cerebellar Peduncle)
    • 5.4小脑的功能和小脑综合征(Cerebellar Function and Syndrome)
      • 前庭小脑(Vestibulocerebellum)
        • 前庭小脑损害(Lesion of Vestibulocerebellum)
      • 脊髓小脑(Spinocerebellum)
        • 脊髓小脑损害(Lesion of Spinocerebellum)
      • 大脑小脑(Cerebrocerebellum)
        • 大脑小脑损害(Lesions of Cerebrocerebellum)
    • 5.5小脑疾病(Cerebellar Diseases)
      • 小脑肿瘤(Cerebellar Tumors)
  • 6间脑和植物神经系统(Diencephalon and Autonomic Nervous System)
    • 6.1间脑的位置和分部(Locations and Divisions of Diencephalon)
      • 间脑分部(division of diencephalon)
    • 6.2背侧丘脑(Dorsal Thalamus)
      • 丘脑核团与上行和下行传导束的连接(Connection of thalamic nucleus with acending and decending tract)
        • 特异性和非特异性投射束(Specific and Nonspecific Projecting Tracts)
      • 背侧丘脑的功能(Function of Dorsalis Thalamus)
      • 背侧丘脑损害综合征(Syndrome of Dorsal Thalamic Lesion)
      • 丘脑的血管损害综合征(Sydrome of Thalamic Vascalar Lesion)
    • 6.3上丘脑(Epithalamus)
    • 6.4底丘脑(Subthalamus)
    • 6.5下丘脑(Hypothalamus)
      • 下丘脑核群(Hypothalamic Nuclei)
      • 下丘脑的联系(Hypothalamic Association)
        • 传入性通路(Afferent Pathway)
        • 传出性通路(Efferent Pathway)
        • 下丘脑与腺垂体的功能联系(Functional Connections between Hypothalamus and Hypophysis)
      • 下丘脑的功能(Function of Hypothalamus)
        • 调节体温(Temperature Regulation)
        • 调节心跳和血压(Regulation of Heartbeat and Blood Pressure)
        • 水平衡调节(Regulation of Water Metabolism)
        • 调节摄食(Regulation of Ingestion)
      • 内分泌系统的神经分泌和调节(Neuroendocrinic Regulation of Endocrine System)
        • 激素-下丘脑-垂体轴障碍(Disturbance of Hormone-Hypothalamus-Hypophysis Axis)
    • 6.6周围植物(自主)神经系统(Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System)
      • 交感神经系统(Sympathetic Nervous System)
        • 交感神经损害临床综合征(Syndromes of Sympathetic Nerve Lesions)
      • 副交感神经系统(Parasympathetic Nervous System)
        • 副交感神经的颅部(Cranial Component of Parasympathetic Nerve)
        • 副交感神经的骶部(Sacral Component of Parasympathetic Nerve)
      • 各器官的植物神经支配和功能障碍(Vegetative Innervation of Various Organs and Functional Disturbance)
        • 膀胱的神经支配(Innervation of the Urinary Bladder)
        • 膀胱功能障碍(Disturbance of Bladder Function)
        • 直肠的神经支配(Innervation of Rectum)
        • 直肠排空障碍(Disturbance of Rectal Depletion)
        • 生殖器官的神经支配(Innervation of Genital Organs)
        • 生殖功能障碍(Disturbance of Genital Function)
      • 内脏痛和牵涉痛(Visceral Pain and Referred Pain)
  • 7边缘系统(Limbic System)
    • 7.1边缘系统结构概论(Outline of Structures of Limbic System)
      • 边缘系统结构的联系(Connection of Structures of Limbic System)
        • 脑和边缘系统的联系(Connection of Brain and Limbic System)
    • 7.2边缘系统的重要部分(Important Portion of Limbic System)
      • 海马结构的显微解剖(Microanatomy of Hippocampal Structure)
      • 海马结构的神经纤维联络(Assciation Fiber of Hippocampal Structure)
      • 杏仁核复合体(Amygdaloid Nuclear Complex)
      • 海马内神经冲动的传导(Impulse Transmission of Hippocampus)
    • 7.3边缘系统的功能(Function of Limbic System)
      • 记忆方式和功能(Memory and Function)
      • 记忆功能障碍—遗忘综合征的病因(Disturbance of Memory Cause of Amnestic Syndrome)
  • 8基底神经节(Basal Ganglia)
    • 8.1前言和术语(Foreword)
    • 8.2从种系发育过程看基底节在运动系统中的地位(Position of Basal Ganglia in Motor System-Race-Development Process
    • 8.3基底神经节的解剖分部及其神经连接(Anatomic Divisions of Basal Ganglia and its Connections)
      • 基底节的神经联系(Connection of Basal Ganglia)
        • 传入性传导束(Afferent Transmission Tract)
        • 传出束(Efferent Transmission Tract)
        • 基底节与高级环路的连接(Connections between Basal Ganglia and Higher Circuit)
    • 8.4基底神经节的功能及功能障碍(Function and Functional Disturbance of Basal Ganglia)
      • 基底神经节病损临床综合征(Clinical Syndrome of Basal Ganglia Lesion)
        • 舞蹈综合征—亨廷顿舞蹈病(Chorea syndrome-Huntington’s disease)
        • 投掷症(Ballismus)和张力障碍(Dystonia)
  • 9大脑(Cerebrum)
    • 9.1发育(Development)
    • 9.2肉眼观解剖结构和大脑分部(Macroscopic Anatomy and Division of Cerebrum)
      • 脑回和脑沟(Gyrus and Brain Sulcus)
    • 9.3大脑皮质的组织学结构(Histological Structure of Cerebral Cortex)
      • 细胞层结构(Structure of Cell Layer)
        • 大脑皮质的神经元类型(Neuronal Types of Cerebral Cortex)
        • 细胞层结构的变异(Structural Variation of Cell Layer)
    • 9.4髓(白)质(White Matter)
      • 投射纤维(Projection Fibers)
      • 联合纤维(Association Fibers)
      • 连合纤维(Commissural Fibers)
    • 9.5皮质功能分区(Functional Division of Cerebral Cortex)
      • 初级皮质区(Primary Cortex)
        • 初级躯体感觉和运动皮质区(Primary Somatosensory and Motor Cortex)
        • 初级视觉皮质(Primary Visual Cortex)
        • 初级听觉皮质(Primary Auditory Cortex)
        • 初级味觉皮质(Primary Gustatory Cortex)
        • 初级前庭皮质(Primary Vestibular Cortex)
      • 联合区(Association Areas)
        • 多感觉联合区(Multisensory Association Areas)
      • 额叶(Frontal Lobe)
      • 较高级皮质功能和皮质损害引起的功能障碍
        • 语言和单侧性失语(Language and Lateralized Aphasia)
        • 失联合综合征(Disconnection Syndrome)
        • 复杂性运动性失用症(Complicated Motor Apraxia)
        • 感觉整合性失认和疏忽(Sensation Integration Agnosia and Neglect)
        • 社会行为及行为调节障碍(Disturbance of Society Behavior and Behavior Regulation)
  • 10脑(脊)膜,脑脊液和脑室系统(Meninges,Cerebrospinal Fluid and Ventricular System)
    • 10.1脑(脊)膜(Meninges)
      • 硬脑(脊)膜(Dura Mater)
      • 蛛网膜(Arachnoid)
      • 软脑(脊)膜(Pia Mater)
    • 10.2脑室系统和脑脊液(Ventricular System and Cerebrospinal Fluid)
      • 脑脊液循环和吸收(Circulation and Resorption of Cerebrospinal Fluid)
      • 脑脊液循环障碍——脑积水(Disturbance of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation-Hydrocephalus)
        • 脑积水类型(Types of Hydrocephalus)
        • 脑积水的一般临床表现、诊断和治疗(Clinical Manifestation,Diagnosis and Treatment of Hydrocephalus)
  • 11中枢神经系统的血液供应和血管病变(Blood Supply of Central Nervous System and Vascular Brain Lesions)
    • 11.1脑的动脉供血(Arterial Blood Supply of Brain)
      • 前、中颅窝的硬脑膜内动脉(Intradural Arteries of Anterior and Middle Cranial Fossa)
        • 大脑中动脉(Middle Cerebral Artery)(MCA)
        • 大脑前动脉(Anterior Cerebral Artery)(ACA)
      • 后颅窝硬脑膜内动脉(Intradural Arteries of Posterior Fossa)
        • 基底动脉(Basilar Artery)
        • 大脑后动脉(Posterior Cerebral Artery,PCA)
      • 脑供血动脉狭窄时的吻合交通
        • 颈外动脉与椎动脉的侧支循环(Collateral Circulation of External Carotid artery and Vertebral Artery)
      • Willis动脉环
        • 胼胝体吻合支(Anastomotic Branches of Corpus Callosum)
        • 软脑膜吻合支(Anastomotic Branches of Pia Mater)
    • 11.2脑的静脉回流(Venous drainage of brain)
      • 硬脑膜窦(Dural Sinuses)
    • 11.3脊髓的血液供应(Blood Supply of Spinal Cord)
      • 脊髓动脉血管网(Vascular Net of Spinal Cord Artery)
        • 脊髓血管网的动脉供血来源(Origin of Blood Supply to Vascular Net of Spinal Cord)
      • 脊髓的静脉回流(Venous Drainage of Spinal Cord)
    • 11.4脑缺血(Cerebral Ischemia)
      • 脑缺血的病理生理学(Pathophysiology of Cerebral Ischemia)
      • 脑缺血的病因、梗塞分类(cause of cerebral Ischemia and class ification of Infarction)
        • 血液动力性梗塞(Hemodynamic Infarction)
        • 腔隙性梗塞(Lacunar Infarction)
        • 脑缺血的诊断(Diagnosis of Brain Ischemia)
      • 缺血性中风的治疗(Treatment of Ischemic Stroke)
        • 一期和二期预防(First and Second Stage Prevention)
      • 特殊的脑血管病变综合征(Syndrome of Specific Brain Vascular Diseases)
        • 大脑血管病变综合征(Syndrome of Cerebral Vascular Lesion)
      • 脑静脉回流障碍(Disturbance of Cerebral Venous Drainage)
        • 急性静脉回流障碍(Acute Disturbance of Venous Drainage)
        • 慢性静脉回流障碍(Chronic Obstruction of Venous Drainage)
    • 11.5颅内出血(Intracranial Hemorrhage)
      • 脑(内)出血(非外伤性)(Cerebral Hemorrhage)
        • 非高血压性脑内出血(Nonhypertensive Cerebral Hemorrhage)
        • 小脑出血(Cerebellar Hemorrhage)
      • 蛛网膜下腔出血(Subarachmoid Hemorrhage)
        • 急性非外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血(Acute Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage)
      • 硬膜下出血和硬膜外出血(Subdural and Epidural Hemorrhage)
        • 硬膜外血肿(Epidural Hematoma)
    • 11.6脊髓血管疾病(Vascular Diseases of Spinal Cord)
      • 静脉回流障碍(Disturbance of Venous Drainage)
        • 充血性脊髓病(Congestive Myelopathy)
      • 脊髓出血(Spinal Cord Hemorrhage)
    • 参考文献(具体参见纸质版)
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